![]() The devices were a heated humidifier (HH), a hygroscopic heat and moisture exchanger (HHME) with a dead space of 28 mL, and a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) with a dead space of 90 mL. All patients used 3 humidification devices in random order for one hour each. The second group consisted of patients who were receiving controlled mechanical ventilation and were chemically paralyzed following operative procedures. The first group consisted of patients recovering from acute lung injury and breathing spontaneously on pressure support ventilation. This study evaluates the effects of passive humidifier dead space on respiratory function. However, the additional dead space of these devices may adversely affect respiratory function in certain patients. Passive humidifiers have gained acceptance in the intensive care unit because of their low cost, simple operation, and elimination of condensate from the breathing circuit.
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